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Top competitors on query "spinal nerves exit through what foramen in the vertebral column"
Back Surgery Information
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Sciatic nerve pain is most often caused by a bulging disc that presses on the nerve roots leading to the sciatic nerve, but it also can be caused by other spinal conditions such as spinal arthritis, bone spurs, and spinal stenosis. But, when you have your laser back surgery at LSI, you get the peace of mind that comes with choosing the surgery center that performs the most laser spine surgeries per month, more than any facility in the approximately 400
http://www.aans.org/Patient%20Information/Conditions%20and%20Treatments/Anatomy%20of%20the%20Spine%20and%20Peripheral%20Nervous%20System.aspx?p=1 Competition: low
It serves not only as a pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain, but also as a center for operating and coordinating reflex actions independent of the brain. Any interruption of spinal-cord function by disease or injury at a particular level may result in a loss of sensation and motor function below that level
foramen - definition of foramen in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/foramen Competition: low
apical foramen of tooth an opening at or near the apex of the root of a tooth, giving passage to the vascular, lymphatic, and neural structures supplying the pulp. an aperture in the great wing of the sphenoid for vessels and nerves.The fully developed embryonic heart showing the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
http://umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/anatomy-and-function Competition: low
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). During development (those nine months before birth), these vertebrae grow together or fuse creating one large "specialized" vertebral bone that forms the base of your spine and center of your pelvis
Human Spinal Cord Picture C1 to S5 Vertebra
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The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones - 7 vertebrae in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region and 4 in the coccygeal region. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body
http://umm.edu/programs/spine/health/guides/overview-of-low-back-pain Competition: low
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). It is called sciatica because it describes the radiculopathy that occurs when one or more of the nerves that make up the large sciatic nerve are irritated or pinched
spinal nerve: Definition from Answers.com
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Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
http://www.ehow.com/about_5133345_functions-spinal-nerves.html Competition: low
If any of the nerves or related components are damaged, disrupted or cannot function properly, it can affect very specific regions of the body, like pain in the shoulders or wrist, or it can be more severe like permanent disability in the legs. What Do the Nerves of the Thoracic Spine Control? Thoracic nerves 7 through 11 function in a similar manner to the upper thoracic nerves, except that these nerves supply the skin..
Atlas. Central Nervous System - Visual Perspectives
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The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
Chapter 39: The vertebral column
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In addition to the transverse and spinous processes, which serve as short levers, the 12 thoracic vertebrae are connected by joints with paired, long levers, namely the ribs. The transverse processes emerge laterally at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, and the spinous process proceeds posteriorly from the union of the laminae
http://triangledisc.com/backpain.php Competition: low
The most common grading system categorizes severity based upon measurements on lateral X-ray of the distance from the posterior edge of the superior vertebral body to the posterior edge of the adjacent inferior vertebral body. However, the most severe symptoms may manifest along the course of the adjacent nerve root resulting in arm pain or leg pain through a process called referred pain or radicular pain
http://quizlet.com/5916198/spinal-nerves-flash-cards/ Competition: low
-the DRG lies in close proximity to the IVF Spinal nerves-the spinal nerve roots run almost horizontal in the cervical region but the nerve roots composing the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves run vertically inferior down through the vertebral canal: these nerve roots are collectively called Cauda Equina -After emerging from the IVF, the spinal nerve divides into Dorsal Ramus and a much larger Ventral Ramus and a tiny Meingeal branch (which re-enters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels within) -Each ramus like the spinal nerve, is mixed sensory and motor -the Rami communicates are special rami found in the thoracic region that contains autonomic (sympathetic) nerve fibers. Innervates diaphragm (supplies both sensory and motor from and to the diaphragm, respectively) -brachial plexus-gives rise to nerves that innervate the upper extremity -most commonly formed by ventral rami C5-T1
http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter03.html Competition: low
Lamina VII is equivalent to the intermediate zone and acts as a relay between muscle spindle to midbrain and cerebellum, and laminae VIII-IX comprise the ventral horn and contain mainly motor neurons. These cells are located at all levels of the spinal cord and are grouped into three main categories: root cells, column or tract cells and propriospinal cells
http://quizlet.com/6209713/gross-anatomy-spinal-cord-and-spinal-nerves-flash-cards/ Competition: low
What regions is it present? and Where is it located? Cervical and Upper Thoracic (T6); located betwen posterior median and posterior lateral sulci Central Canal of Spinal Cord-what is it? and what is it continuous with? Narrow cavity in its center; continous with the 4th ventricle of the brain Where is gray matter located? internally Where is white matter located? externally, surrounding gray matter What are the parts of the gray matter? Location? dorsal horn, lateral horn, ventral horn, intermediate zone Thoracic and upper Lumbar How is the white matter divided? where is it located? Ventral, Lateral, and Dorsal Funiculi (columns) cervical and upper thoracic (T6) *same as posterior intermediate sulcus* Meninges of Spinal Cord: spinal cord is surrounded by 3 connective tissue membranes-what are they? dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater Describe dura mater. The two are of equal length short distance between origin of spinal nerve and corresponding intervertebral foramen After embryo, what happens to length of spinal cord compared to vertebral column? the vertebtral column grows FASTER than spinal cord; inferior end of spinal cord comes to lie at progessively higher states
The Spinal Nerves - Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - Yahoo! Education
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The posterior roots of the cervical nerves bear a proportion to the anterior of three to one, which is greater than in the other regions; their individual filaments are also larger than those of the anterior roots. Each spinal nerve receives a branch (gray ramus communicans) from the adjacent ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, while the thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves each contribute a branch (white ramus communicans) to the adjoining sympathetic ganglion
Spinal Nerves: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyxgeal
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Dermatome Map of Upper Limb (Shoulder, Arm, and Hand) Want to Know More? To help you better understand the medical terms used here and other anatomy of the spine refer to these pages on our site: Anatomy Terms Lumbar Spine Anatomy Spinal Cord Anatomy Spinal Cord Injury Nerve Plexus The spinal nerves exit the spinal cord and pass through the intervertebral foramen, then divides into four branches, or networks, called plexuses. The Central Nervous System which is the brain and the spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System which is the 12 cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and ganglia
spinal column: Definition from Answers.com
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In human beings, the spinal column of the child contains more vertebrae than the adult, in whom a number become fused into two immovable bones, the sacrum and the coccyx, forming the back of the pelvis. Behind the body is a Y-shaped vertebral (neural) arch with structures extending up and down to form joints with the adjacent vertebrae and to the back and sides to provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments
Low Back Pain Sciatica Slipped Disc Pinched Nerve
http://www.cnsspine.com/spinal-disorders/low-back-pain-sciatica-slipped-disc-pinched-nerve/ Competition: low
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). Signals that there may be problems include: evidence of bleeding, an increase in white blood cells (infection fighting cells, dead cells are "pus"), an increase in protein level, or inflammation
Vertebral column - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
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The superior articular process is found in the posterior region pointing up, while the inferior articular process is found, although posteriorly, on the underside at the base of the spinous process. As the nerves exit the spinal column they divide up into several different branches: the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, meningeal brach, and rami communicantes
Spine Anatomy Overview: Spinal Cord, Discs, Nerve Roots, Facet Joints, Ligaments, Muscles
http://andrewmoultonmd.com/spine-anatomy.php Competition: low
Inside each vertebra is cancellous bone, which is weaker than cortical bone and consists of loosely knit structures that look somewhat like a honeycomb. Like other joints in the body, each facet joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces synovial fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint
Cervical Spine Anatomy (Neck) - Vertebrae and Cervical Spinal Nerves
http://www.spineuniverse.com/anatomy/cervical-spine-anatomy-neck Competition: low
Cervical Vertebrae and Supporting Spinal Structures The cervical bones (the vertebrae) are smaller in size when compared to other spinal vertebrae (in your thoracic or lumbar spines). Because the cervical nerves control many bodily functions and sensory activities, specific symptoms from a cervical spine injury vary depending on which nerves are affected
http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html Competition: low
In most individuals, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus effectively resist this load, but in some people they do not and the nucleus pulposus is forced out of the disc, or is herniated. This change in structure of the posterior longitudinal ligament is part of the reason that the overwhelming majority of disc herniations occur posteriorly in the lumbar region
Cervical Spine Surgery: An Overview
http://www.spineuniverse.com/treatments/surgery/cervical-spine-surgery-overview Competition: low
Otherwise, this information is very complete for his practice and is a an excellent overview for the average patient with the understanding of the above variations. What is Cervical Spine Surgery? The goal of cervical spine surgery is to relieve pain, numbness, tingling and weakness, restore nerve function and stop or prevent abnormal motion in the spine
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Nerves, Impulses, Fluid, Vertebrae, Dermatomes
http://healthpages.org/anatomy-function/spinal-cord-anatomy/ Competition: low
An example of a sensory response would is when your skin is stuck with a pin, the afferent neuron communicates pain or discomfort to the spinal cord and then to the brain. Central Canal Cerebrospinal fluid fills the narrow central canal and protects the neurons Dura Mater The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes that cover and protect the spinal cord and brain Gray Matter Gray matter is shaped like a butterfly
Spinal Stenosis Column
http://www.stenosis-spinal.com/ Competition: low
Your doctor may have recommended open back surgery for your spinal stenosis, but this invasive option can leave you with a painful recovery lasting weeks or months. This knowledge, along with having an understanding of and monitoring your symptoms, can help you and your doctor review possible causes of your condition
The Vertebral Column
http://apparelyzed.com/spine.html Competition: low
2): The body is composed of cancellous tissue, covered by a thin coating of compact bone; the latter is perforated by numerous orifices, some of large size for the passage of vessels; the interior of the bone is traversed by one or two large canals, for the reception of veins, which converge toward a single large, irregular aperture, or several small apertures, at the posterior part of the body. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels; on the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra
Spinal Cord Anatomy
http://apparelyzed.com/spinalcord.html Competition: low
The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
Spinal cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_Cord Competition: low
As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. Either way, the primary axon ascends to the lower medulla, where it leaves its fasiculus and synapses with a secondary neuron in one of the dorsal column nuclei: either the nucleus gracilis or the nucleus cuneatus, depending on the pathway it took
Spinal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve Competition: low
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
Back Surgery Information
Sciatic nerve pain is most often caused by a bulging disc that presses on the nerve roots leading to the sciatic nerve, but it also can be caused by other spinal conditions such as spinal arthritis, bone spurs, and spinal stenosis. But, when you have your laser back surgery at LSI, you get the peace of mind that comes with choosing the surgery center that performs the most laser spine surgeries per month, more than any facility in the approximately 400
It serves not only as a pathway for nerve impulses to and from the brain, but also as a center for operating and coordinating reflex actions independent of the brain. Any interruption of spinal-cord function by disease or injury at a particular level may result in a loss of sensation and motor function below that level
foramen - definition of foramen in the Medical dictionary - by the Free Online Medical Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia.
apical foramen of tooth an opening at or near the apex of the root of a tooth, giving passage to the vascular, lymphatic, and neural structures supplying the pulp. an aperture in the great wing of the sphenoid for vessels and nerves.The fully developed embryonic heart showing the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). During development (those nine months before birth), these vertebrae grow together or fuse creating one large "specialized" vertebral bone that forms the base of your spine and center of your pelvis
Human Spinal Cord Picture C1 to S5 Vertebra
The human spinal column is made up of 33 bones - 7 vertebrae in the cervical region, 12 in the thoracic region, 5 in the lumbar region, 5 in the sacral region and 4 in the coccygeal region. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the movable part of the vertebral column, and are characterized by the absence of the foramen transversarium within the transverse process, and by the absence of facets on the sides of the body
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). It is called sciatica because it describes the radiculopathy that occurs when one or more of the nerves that make up the large sciatic nerve are irritated or pinched
spinal nerve: Definition from Answers.com
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
If any of the nerves or related components are damaged, disrupted or cannot function properly, it can affect very specific regions of the body, like pain in the shoulders or wrist, or it can be more severe like permanent disability in the legs. What Do the Nerves of the Thoracic Spine Control? Thoracic nerves 7 through 11 function in a similar manner to the upper thoracic nerves, except that these nerves supply the skin..
Atlas. Central Nervous System - Visual Perspectives
The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
Chapter 39: The vertebral column
In addition to the transverse and spinous processes, which serve as short levers, the 12 thoracic vertebrae are connected by joints with paired, long levers, namely the ribs. The transverse processes emerge laterally at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, and the spinous process proceeds posteriorly from the union of the laminae
The most common grading system categorizes severity based upon measurements on lateral X-ray of the distance from the posterior edge of the superior vertebral body to the posterior edge of the adjacent inferior vertebral body. However, the most severe symptoms may manifest along the course of the adjacent nerve root resulting in arm pain or leg pain through a process called referred pain or radicular pain
-the DRG lies in close proximity to the IVF Spinal nerves-the spinal nerve roots run almost horizontal in the cervical region but the nerve roots composing the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves run vertically inferior down through the vertebral canal: these nerve roots are collectively called Cauda Equina -After emerging from the IVF, the spinal nerve divides into Dorsal Ramus and a much larger Ventral Ramus and a tiny Meingeal branch (which re-enters the vertebral canal to innervate the meninges and blood vessels within) -Each ramus like the spinal nerve, is mixed sensory and motor -the Rami communicates are special rami found in the thoracic region that contains autonomic (sympathetic) nerve fibers. Innervates diaphragm (supplies both sensory and motor from and to the diaphragm, respectively) -brachial plexus-gives rise to nerves that innervate the upper extremity -most commonly formed by ventral rami C5-T1
Lamina VII is equivalent to the intermediate zone and acts as a relay between muscle spindle to midbrain and cerebellum, and laminae VIII-IX comprise the ventral horn and contain mainly motor neurons. These cells are located at all levels of the spinal cord and are grouped into three main categories: root cells, column or tract cells and propriospinal cells
What regions is it present? and Where is it located? Cervical and Upper Thoracic (T6); located betwen posterior median and posterior lateral sulci Central Canal of Spinal Cord-what is it? and what is it continuous with? Narrow cavity in its center; continous with the 4th ventricle of the brain Where is gray matter located? internally Where is white matter located? externally, surrounding gray matter What are the parts of the gray matter? Location? dorsal horn, lateral horn, ventral horn, intermediate zone Thoracic and upper Lumbar How is the white matter divided? where is it located? Ventral, Lateral, and Dorsal Funiculi (columns) cervical and upper thoracic (T6) *same as posterior intermediate sulcus* Meninges of Spinal Cord: spinal cord is surrounded by 3 connective tissue membranes-what are they? dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater Describe dura mater. The two are of equal length short distance between origin of spinal nerve and corresponding intervertebral foramen After embryo, what happens to length of spinal cord compared to vertebral column? the vertebtral column grows FASTER than spinal cord; inferior end of spinal cord comes to lie at progessively higher states
The Spinal Nerves - Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - Yahoo! Education
The posterior roots of the cervical nerves bear a proportion to the anterior of three to one, which is greater than in the other regions; their individual filaments are also larger than those of the anterior roots. Each spinal nerve receives a branch (gray ramus communicans) from the adjacent ganglion of the sympathetic trunk, while the thoracic, and the first and second lumbar nerves each contribute a branch (white ramus communicans) to the adjoining sympathetic ganglion
Spinal Nerves: Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, Coccyxgeal
Dermatome Map of Upper Limb (Shoulder, Arm, and Hand) Want to Know More? To help you better understand the medical terms used here and other anatomy of the spine refer to these pages on our site: Anatomy Terms Lumbar Spine Anatomy Spinal Cord Anatomy Spinal Cord Injury Nerve Plexus The spinal nerves exit the spinal cord and pass through the intervertebral foramen, then divides into four branches, or networks, called plexuses. The Central Nervous System which is the brain and the spinal cord, and the Peripheral Nervous System which is the 12 cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves and ganglia
spinal column: Definition from Answers.com
In human beings, the spinal column of the child contains more vertebrae than the adult, in whom a number become fused into two immovable bones, the sacrum and the coccyx, forming the back of the pelvis. Behind the body is a Y-shaped vertebral (neural) arch with structures extending up and down to form joints with the adjacent vertebrae and to the back and sides to provide attachment points for muscles and ligaments
Low Back Pain Sciatica Slipped Disc Pinched Nerve
The main reason that lactic acid builds up inside the muscle cells is that when the muscles contract, the small blood vessels traveling through the muscles are pinched off (just like a tube pinched between your thumb and finger). Signals that there may be problems include: evidence of bleeding, an increase in white blood cells (infection fighting cells, dead cells are "pus"), an increase in protein level, or inflammation
Vertebral column - CreationWiki, the encyclopedia of creation science
The superior articular process is found in the posterior region pointing up, while the inferior articular process is found, although posteriorly, on the underside at the base of the spinous process. As the nerves exit the spinal column they divide up into several different branches: the dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, meningeal brach, and rami communicantes
Spine Anatomy Overview: Spinal Cord, Discs, Nerve Roots, Facet Joints, Ligaments, Muscles
Inside each vertebra is cancellous bone, which is weaker than cortical bone and consists of loosely knit structures that look somewhat like a honeycomb. Like other joints in the body, each facet joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces synovial fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint
Cervical Spine Anatomy (Neck) - Vertebrae and Cervical Spinal Nerves
Cervical Vertebrae and Supporting Spinal Structures The cervical bones (the vertebrae) are smaller in size when compared to other spinal vertebrae (in your thoracic or lumbar spines). Because the cervical nerves control many bodily functions and sensory activities, specific symptoms from a cervical spine injury vary depending on which nerves are affected
In most individuals, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus effectively resist this load, but in some people they do not and the nucleus pulposus is forced out of the disc, or is herniated. This change in structure of the posterior longitudinal ligament is part of the reason that the overwhelming majority of disc herniations occur posteriorly in the lumbar region
Cervical Spine Surgery: An Overview
Otherwise, this information is very complete for his practice and is a an excellent overview for the average patient with the understanding of the above variations. What is Cervical Spine Surgery? The goal of cervical spine surgery is to relieve pain, numbness, tingling and weakness, restore nerve function and stop or prevent abnormal motion in the spine
Spinal Cord Anatomy: Nerves, Impulses, Fluid, Vertebrae, Dermatomes
An example of a sensory response would is when your skin is stuck with a pin, the afferent neuron communicates pain or discomfort to the spinal cord and then to the brain. Central Canal Cerebrospinal fluid fills the narrow central canal and protects the neurons Dura Mater The outermost, toughest, and most fibrous of the three membranes that cover and protect the spinal cord and brain Gray Matter Gray matter is shaped like a butterfly
Spinal Stenosis Column
Your doctor may have recommended open back surgery for your spinal stenosis, but this invasive option can leave you with a painful recovery lasting weeks or months. This knowledge, along with having an understanding of and monitoring your symptoms, can help you and your doctor review possible causes of your condition
The Vertebral Column
2): The body is composed of cancellous tissue, covered by a thin coating of compact bone; the latter is perforated by numerous orifices, some of large size for the passage of vessels; the interior of the bone is traversed by one or two large canals, for the reception of veins, which converge toward a single large, irregular aperture, or several small apertures, at the posterior part of the body. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels; on the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra
Spinal Cord Anatomy
The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
Spinal cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. Either way, the primary axon ascends to the lower medulla, where it leaves its fasiculus and synapses with a secondary neuron in one of the dorsal column nuclei: either the nucleus gracilis or the nucleus cuneatus, depending on the pathway it took
Spinal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
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