| Analysis of the search query | where do the amino acids found in the cytoplasm of cells come from |
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Top competitors on query "where do the amino acids found in the cytoplasm of cells come from"
http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html Competition: low
Typically, bile is concentrated five-fold in the gall bladder by absorption of water and small electrolytes - virtually all of the organic molecules are retained. Its effect on the biliary system is very similar to what was seen in the pancreas - it simulates biliary duct cells to secrete bicarbonate and water, which expands the volume of bile and increases its flow out into the intestine
http://examine.com/supplements/D-Aspartic+Acid/ Competition: low
The benefits associated with D-Aspartate are unique to it, and do not apply to L-Aspartate and only minimally to dietary Aspartic Acid (due to low concentrations of D-Aspartate). While more evidence is needed, right now it looks like it may be a decent testosterone booster for infertile men but its usage in athletes is limited for a week and a half or so (with testosterone returning to normal after that)
http://homepage.smc.edu/wissmann_paul/anatomy2textbook/AAcidsProteins.html Competition: low
As you view the diagram, you will see that this internal structure consists of a central carbon atom with a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to it (by convention the nitrogen is drawn to the left of this central carbon atom) AND also covalently bonded to this same central carbon atom is another carbon atom (by convention drawn to the right of this central carbon atom). The exposed, broken bonds left on the two amino acids are then attached together, thus linking these two amino acids together, creating this peptide bond
ribonucleic acid: Definition from Answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/ribonucleic-acid Competition: low
In some cases, RNA performs functions typically considered DNA-like, such as serving as the genetic material for certain viruses, or roles typically carried out by proteins, such as RNA enzymes or ribozymes. Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar known as ribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases attached to each ribose, either adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U)
http://autismstudies.info/AutismStudies.info/Fever_glutamine.html Competition: low
As arginine is precursor, among other pathways, of creatine (Cr) synthesis, NH4+ exposure of the brain can lead to disturbances in cerebral energy and in particular in its Cr content. Because glutamine is not thought to cross the blood-brain barrier significantly, the implications of low blood glutamine in these children are not recognized
Bacteria Model: An Interactive Animation
http://www.cellsalive.com/cells/bactcell.htm Competition: low
Plasmid: Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments found in the cytoplasm that contain code responsible for antibiotic resistance and other characteristics. There are numerous proteins moving within or upon this layer that are primarily responsible for transport of ions, nutrients and waste across the membrane
The Nuclear Envelope and Traffic between the Nucleus and Cytoplasm - The Cell - NCBI Bookshelf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9927/ Competition: low
By controlling the traffic of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, the nuclear pore complex plays a fundamental role in the physiology of all eukaryotic cells. Transcription factors, for example, are functional only when they are present in the nucleus, so regulation of their import to the nucleus is a novel means of controlling gene expression
Essential Amino Acids
http://www.glisonline.com/essential-amino-acids.html Competition: low
The plant or animal protein cannot be absorbed directly because these proteins have polypeptides with hundreds, or thousands of amino acids joined in peptide bonds that have to be broken with enzymes into the single amino acids that the body can absorb, and then reform into the proteins the body requires. If supplementation is required make sure it is pharmaceutical grade, or the highest quality, pure, crystalline amino acids which are best utilised by our body since they do not require digestion and are easily absorbed
Protein Function
http://biology.about.com/od/molecularbiology/a/aa101904a.htm Competition: low
They can travel through the blood stream and are utilized by the immune system to identify and defend against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign intruders
Human Physiology - Cell structure and function
http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/301notes1.htm Competition: low
This attachment of a phosphate group to the carrier molecule causes a conformational change in (or a change in the shape of ) the protein so that a channel opens between the inside and outside of the cell membrane. Then, on the inside of the cell, ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) binds to another site on the carrier and phosphorylates (adds one of its phospate groups, or -PO4, to) one of the amino acids that is part of the carrier molecule
http://www.healingwithnutrition.com/aminoacid.html Competition: low
Taurine and sulfur are considered to be factors necessary for the control of many biochemical changes that take place in the aging process; aids in the clearing of free radical wastes. Carnitine Anyone concerned with decreasing body fat will want to assure their daily level of carnitine, because carnitine helps TRANSPORT FAT from fat cells to the mitochondria of muscle cells so it can be BURNED UP FOR ENERGY
How Cells Obtain Energy from Food - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26882/ Competition: low
The intermediate products of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used both as sources of metabolic energy and to produce many of the small molecules used as the raw materials for biosynthesis. The citric acid molecule is then gradually oxidized, allowing the energy of this oxidation to be harnessed to produce energy-rich activated carrier molecules
Amino Acids
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/amino_acids.html Competition: low
Each amino acid is composed of a constant (always remain the same) group and a variable amine group as shown below: There are 20 common amino acids that are responsible for forming proteins. How Proteins are Made From DNA Now that you know what amino acids and proteins are, you might ask what the relationship is between DNA and amino acids and proteins
Ribosome - definition from Biology-Online.org
http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Ribosome Competition: low
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page Results from our forum Re: 'Evolution'-the most retarded myth ever. Some ribosomes occur freely in the cytosol whereas others are attached to the nuclear membrane or to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) giving the latter a rough appearance, hence, the name rough ER or rER
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Cells/cells.htm Competition: low
The individual chromosomes are normally not visible but during cell division, the DNA becomes more condensed and the chromosomes become visible using light microscopy.The material within the nucleus is referred to as the nucleoplasm.A double membrane (nuclear envelope) surrounds the nucleus. Tubulin dimers are arranged to form a long hollow cylinder.The fibers are lengthened and shortened as tubulin dimers assemble or disassemble from one or both ends of the filament.The assembly of microtubules in animal cells is controlled by an area near the nucleus called the centrosome or microtubule organizing area
Amino Acids and Proteins
http://myhome.sunyocc.edu/~weiskirl/amino_acids_proteins.htm Competition: low
When eggs cook, the proteins denature, and because they are unable to re-form the correct secondary and tertiary structure, the process is irreversible (cooked eggs don't revert back to the liquid state when they cool). Tertiary structure is simply the grouping of different separate secondary structures, such as multiple helices or multiple sheets or a combination of helices and sheets
http://www.getbig.com/articles/protein.htm Competition: low
In addition to being influenced by the carbohydrates, fats and total calories associated with it, protein quality is related to the amount of the specific aminos within both the IAA and DAA categories (for example, the amount of glutamine and branched chain amino acids, or BCAAs - leucine, isoleucine and valine). Even if a source has a perfect amino acid profile for a given individual and lifestyle, another important factor - to what extent these acids are actually delivered to the tissues when needed - must be considered
http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio104/protein.htm Competition: low
For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in only one nucleotide in the DNA sequence that causes just one amino acid in one of the hemoglobin polypeptide molecules to be different. The sequence of amino acids in each polypeptide or protein is unique to that protein, so each protein has its own, unique 3-D shape or native conformation
http://www.bodybuilding.com/store/amino.html Competition: low
Read on to learn more! amino acidsIN-DEPTH Amino Acids Are Your Ally BUILD, BURN, OR MAINTAIN WITH AMINO ACIDS* If you're looking to keep things simple, our basic amino acid caps will be perfect for you. Your muscles are primed to absorb the amino acids and use them immediately for muscular repair at these times, so make sure to get those in at the right time!* Up Next: Refuel and replenish with the Amino Acid and Carb combo! Refuel And Replenish AMINO ACIDS AND CARBS: THE PERFECT COMBO Since the body releases insulin each time you consume dietary carbs, consider using a post-workout to combine carbs and amino acids for quick absorption and delivery of those amino acids to your muscles
Essential amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_amino_acid Competition: low
These diets consisted of cornstarch, sucrose, butterfat without protein, corn oil, inorganic salts, the known vitamins, a large brown "candy" made of liver extract flavored with peppermint oil (to supply any unknown vitamins), and mixtures of highly purified individual amino acids. Scientists had known since the early 20th century that rats could not survive on a diet whose only protein source was zein, which comes from maize (corn), but recovered if they were fed casein from cow's milk
Amino Acids
http://www.biology.arizona.edu/biochemistry/problem_sets/aa/aa.html Competition: low
In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary information to determine how that protein will fold into a three dimensional structure, and the stability of the resulting structure. The 10 amino acids that we can produce are alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine
Amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino_acid Competition: low
In cells, this reaction does not occur directly; instead the amino acid is first activated by attachment to a transfer RNA molecule through an ester bond. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4922327_does-liver-do-amino-acids.html Competition: low
What Happens to Excess Amino Groups? What Does the Liver Do With Amino Acids? What Are the Dangers of Using Amino Acid Supplements? Percentage of Amino Acids in... How the Liver Uses Different Amino Acids As proteins break down to their component amino acids during times of fasting, starvation and intense exercise, the liver can convert those amino acids (except for leucine and lysine) into glucose through gluconegenesis
Typically, bile is concentrated five-fold in the gall bladder by absorption of water and small electrolytes - virtually all of the organic molecules are retained. Its effect on the biliary system is very similar to what was seen in the pancreas - it simulates biliary duct cells to secrete bicarbonate and water, which expands the volume of bile and increases its flow out into the intestine
The benefits associated with D-Aspartate are unique to it, and do not apply to L-Aspartate and only minimally to dietary Aspartic Acid (due to low concentrations of D-Aspartate). While more evidence is needed, right now it looks like it may be a decent testosterone booster for infertile men but its usage in athletes is limited for a week and a half or so (with testosterone returning to normal after that)
As you view the diagram, you will see that this internal structure consists of a central carbon atom with a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to it (by convention the nitrogen is drawn to the left of this central carbon atom) AND also covalently bonded to this same central carbon atom is another carbon atom (by convention drawn to the right of this central carbon atom). The exposed, broken bonds left on the two amino acids are then attached together, thus linking these two amino acids together, creating this peptide bond
ribonucleic acid: Definition from Answers.com
In some cases, RNA performs functions typically considered DNA-like, such as serving as the genetic material for certain viruses, or roles typically carried out by proteins, such as RNA enzymes or ribozymes. Each nucleotide is composed of three parts: a five-carbon sugar known as ribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases attached to each ribose, either adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), or uracil (U)
As arginine is precursor, among other pathways, of creatine (Cr) synthesis, NH4+ exposure of the brain can lead to disturbances in cerebral energy and in particular in its Cr content. Because glutamine is not thought to cross the blood-brain barrier significantly, the implications of low blood glutamine in these children are not recognized
Bacteria Model: An Interactive Animation
Plasmid: Plasmids are small circular DNA fragments found in the cytoplasm that contain code responsible for antibiotic resistance and other characteristics. There are numerous proteins moving within or upon this layer that are primarily responsible for transport of ions, nutrients and waste across the membrane
The Nuclear Envelope and Traffic between the Nucleus and Cytoplasm - The Cell - NCBI Bookshelf
By controlling the traffic of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm, the nuclear pore complex plays a fundamental role in the physiology of all eukaryotic cells. Transcription factors, for example, are functional only when they are present in the nucleus, so regulation of their import to the nucleus is a novel means of controlling gene expression
Essential Amino Acids
The plant or animal protein cannot be absorbed directly because these proteins have polypeptides with hundreds, or thousands of amino acids joined in peptide bonds that have to be broken with enzymes into the single amino acids that the body can absorb, and then reform into the proteins the body requires. If supplementation is required make sure it is pharmaceutical grade, or the highest quality, pure, crystalline amino acids which are best utilised by our body since they do not require digestion and are easily absorbed
Protein Function
They can travel through the blood stream and are utilized by the immune system to identify and defend against bacteria, viruses, and other foreign intruders
Human Physiology - Cell structure and function
This attachment of a phosphate group to the carrier molecule causes a conformational change in (or a change in the shape of ) the protein so that a channel opens between the inside and outside of the cell membrane. Then, on the inside of the cell, ATP (Adenosine TriPhosphate) binds to another site on the carrier and phosphorylates (adds one of its phospate groups, or -PO4, to) one of the amino acids that is part of the carrier molecule
Taurine and sulfur are considered to be factors necessary for the control of many biochemical changes that take place in the aging process; aids in the clearing of free radical wastes. Carnitine Anyone concerned with decreasing body fat will want to assure their daily level of carnitine, because carnitine helps TRANSPORT FAT from fat cells to the mitochondria of muscle cells so it can be BURNED UP FOR ENERGY
How Cells Obtain Energy from Food - Molecular Biology of the Cell - NCBI Bookshelf
The intermediate products of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are used both as sources of metabolic energy and to produce many of the small molecules used as the raw materials for biosynthesis. The citric acid molecule is then gradually oxidized, allowing the energy of this oxidation to be harnessed to produce energy-rich activated carrier molecules
Amino Acids
Each amino acid is composed of a constant (always remain the same) group and a variable amine group as shown below: There are 20 common amino acids that are responsible for forming proteins. How Proteins are Made From DNA Now that you know what amino acids and proteins are, you might ask what the relationship is between DNA and amino acids and proteins
Ribosome - definition from Biology-Online.org
Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page Results from our forum Re: 'Evolution'-the most retarded myth ever. Some ribosomes occur freely in the cytosol whereas others are attached to the nuclear membrane or to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) giving the latter a rough appearance, hence, the name rough ER or rER
The individual chromosomes are normally not visible but during cell division, the DNA becomes more condensed and the chromosomes become visible using light microscopy.The material within the nucleus is referred to as the nucleoplasm.A double membrane (nuclear envelope) surrounds the nucleus. Tubulin dimers are arranged to form a long hollow cylinder.The fibers are lengthened and shortened as tubulin dimers assemble or disassemble from one or both ends of the filament.The assembly of microtubules in animal cells is controlled by an area near the nucleus called the centrosome or microtubule organizing area
Amino Acids and Proteins
When eggs cook, the proteins denature, and because they are unable to re-form the correct secondary and tertiary structure, the process is irreversible (cooked eggs don't revert back to the liquid state when they cool). Tertiary structure is simply the grouping of different separate secondary structures, such as multiple helices or multiple sheets or a combination of helices and sheets
In addition to being influenced by the carbohydrates, fats and total calories associated with it, protein quality is related to the amount of the specific aminos within both the IAA and DAA categories (for example, the amount of glutamine and branched chain amino acids, or BCAAs - leucine, isoleucine and valine). Even if a source has a perfect amino acid profile for a given individual and lifestyle, another important factor - to what extent these acids are actually delivered to the tissues when needed - must be considered
For example, sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in only one nucleotide in the DNA sequence that causes just one amino acid in one of the hemoglobin polypeptide molecules to be different. The sequence of amino acids in each polypeptide or protein is unique to that protein, so each protein has its own, unique 3-D shape or native conformation
Read on to learn more! amino acidsIN-DEPTH Amino Acids Are Your Ally BUILD, BURN, OR MAINTAIN WITH AMINO ACIDS* If you're looking to keep things simple, our basic amino acid caps will be perfect for you. Your muscles are primed to absorb the amino acids and use them immediately for muscular repair at these times, so make sure to get those in at the right time!* Up Next: Refuel and replenish with the Amino Acid and Carb combo! Refuel And Replenish AMINO ACIDS AND CARBS: THE PERFECT COMBO Since the body releases insulin each time you consume dietary carbs, consider using a post-workout to combine carbs and amino acids for quick absorption and delivery of those amino acids to your muscles
Essential amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These diets consisted of cornstarch, sucrose, butterfat without protein, corn oil, inorganic salts, the known vitamins, a large brown "candy" made of liver extract flavored with peppermint oil (to supply any unknown vitamins), and mixtures of highly purified individual amino acids. Scientists had known since the early 20th century that rats could not survive on a diet whose only protein source was zein, which comes from maize (corn), but recovered if they were fed casein from cow's milk
Amino Acids
In addition, proteins contain within their amino acid sequences the necessary information to determine how that protein will fold into a three dimensional structure, and the stability of the resulting structure. The 10 amino acids that we can produce are alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine and tyrosine
Amino acid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In cells, this reaction does not occur directly; instead the amino acid is first activated by attachment to a transfer RNA molecule through an ester bond. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, though other elements are found in the side-chains of certain amino acids
What Happens to Excess Amino Groups? What Does the Liver Do With Amino Acids? What Are the Dangers of Using Amino Acid Supplements? Percentage of Amino Acids in... How the Liver Uses Different Amino Acids As proteins break down to their component amino acids during times of fasting, starvation and intense exercise, the liver can convert those amino acids (except for leucine and lysine) into glucose through gluconegenesis
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