| Analysis of the search query | why is the hole in the ozone layer most pronounced over antarctica |
| Competition | Low |
| The average cost per click Adsense | 0.33 € |
| The expected traffic per day | 13 |
| The expected traffic per month | 390 |
| Income per month | 390 € |
Top competitors on query "why is the hole in the ozone layer most pronounced over antarctica"
Antarctica: Frommer's Guide from Answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/antarctica Competition: low
First to spend the winter in Antarctica, on King George Island in 1821, were 11 men from the wrecked British vessel Lord Mellville.After 1822 fur sealing declined, but in 1829-30 Palmer and Pendleton led a sealing and exploring expedition that included Dr. Ross commanded two vessels on an expedition (1841-43) that discovered Victoria Land in E Antarctica, the Ross Sea, and the Ross Ice Shelf and explored and mapped the western approaches of the Weddell Sea.Inland and to the PoleIn the 1890s, after a half-century of neglect, interest in Antarctica was revived
2015 Global Warming Climate Change 2015 Predictions
http://www.global-warming-forecasts.com/2015-climate-change-global-warming-2015.php Competition: low
The decrease in water already experienced at Lake Mead has reduced output from the turbines from 130 megawatts of peak capacity to 100, according to Peter DiDonato, who runs the Hoover Dam's hydroelectric generators. However, neither the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) nor the Department of Defense (DOD) has established plans to restore the full set of NPOESS capabilities over the life of the program
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
http://climate.nasa.gov/ Competition: low
But after years of research and development NASA is poised to equip some of its most important deep space missions with ion engines that can nudge spacecraft using charged particles accelerated to blistering speeds of up to 90,000 miles per hour
http://www.alien-ufos.com/forum.php Competition: low
Forum Actions: View this forum's RSS feed Forum Statistics: Threads: 1,401 Posts: 27,720 Last Post: Suffing with insomnia ! Help ! by lisa19proveit Yesterday 07:22 AM Politics, Current Events and Serious Discussion (13 Viewing) Discuss happenings in the world such as world governments, terrorism, and politics. Forum Actions: View this forum's RSS feed Forum Statistics: Threads: 646 Posts: 10,354 Last Post: Mobile Apps - Coming Soon by bill.zen 09-21-2013 06:06 PM General Forum (6 Viewing) For anything that doesn't fit anywhere else
Paleoclimatology: The Ice Core Record : Feature Articles
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_IceCores/ Competition: low
When the snow gets packed down by subsequent layers, the space between the crystals is eventually sealed off, trapping a small sample of the atmosphere in newly formed ice. By the time Alley and the GISP2 project finished in the early 1990s, they had pulled a nearly 2-mile-long core (3,053.44 meters) from the Greenland ice sheet, providing a record of at least the past 110,000 years
Earth and Environment - Telegraph
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/?view=DETAILS&grid= Competition: low
26 Sep 2013 Bison, bears and wolves return to Europe Bison, beavers and bears have made a comeback in Europe over the past 50 years, a major new study has found
The Relationship of Ozone Depletion and the Greenhouse Effect
http://www.ratical.org/ratville/ozoneDepletion.html Competition: low
(Stevens, A-19) "The temperature of the stratosphere is controlled by the weather that will come up from the lower atmosphere," said Paul Newman, another scientist who took part in the Arctic ozone project. "Experts Say Global Warming More Than Predicted: A New Study Released by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change Foresees Greater Global Warming than Previously Predicted, Along with Greater Extremes of Weather and Faster Sea-level Rise." July 10, 1999
http://www.bom.gov.au/uv/faq.shtml Competition: low
The Bureau operates a network of ozone monitoring stations (at Melbourne, Brisbane, Darwin, and Macquarie Island), where the total amount of ozone above the station (total column ozone) is measured several times every day. When did the Antarctic Ozone Hole first appear? In the early 1980s, the British Antarctic Survey noticed that springtime ozone values measured by their Dobson spectrometer at Halley since 1958 had been dropping since the 1970s
Ozone depletion - The Full Wiki
http://www.thefullwiki.org/Ozone_depletion Competition: low
The key observation is that, ordinarily, most of the chlorine in the stratosphere resides in stable "reservoir" compounds, primarily hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2). During the Antarctic winter and spring, however, reactions on the surface of the polar stratospheric cloud particles convert these "reservoir" compounds into reactive free radicals (Cl and ClO)
http://www.clean-air-kids.org.uk/ozonehole.html Competition: low
Whales and other fishes have plankton as their main food, and if plankton die because of these UV rays, whales will start dying too, because they will not have anything to eat. THE OZONE HOLE ON ANIMALS AND PLANTS UV rays can go through water and end up killing small water animals or plants, called 'plankton' which form the base of the food chain in oceans and seas
How is the ozone layer being destroyed
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_is_the_ozone_layer_being_destroyed Competition: low
The complex chemical reactions allow the chlorine and bromine to interact again and again with ozone molecules, until they eventually leave the ozone layer bonded to some other compound. The ionic oxygen releases more chloride ions to break down more ozone and CFCs The end result is the ozone is converted to oxygen quicker than natural processes can replace it Ozone depletion may be occurring because of the inadvertent actions of Man
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
http://www.munfw.org/archive/40th/unep3.htm Competition: low
At ground level ozone is a pollutant, but in the upper stratosphere (a segment of atmosphere extending approximately 9 miles to 30 miles above the earth's surface) it forms a layer that protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. This was the first time that the international community had recognized a need for action on an environmental problem before actual damages were recorded
Science - Ozone Basics
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm Competition: low
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
http://www.wunderground.com/resources/climate/holefaq.asp Competition: low
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
Is the ozone layer on the road to recovery?
http://phys.org/news/2013-02-ozone-layer-road-recovery.html Competition: low
HS3 mission identifies area of strong winds, rain in Hurricane Ingrid Sep 26, 2013 One of the instruments that flew aboard one of two unmanned Global Hawk aircraft during NASA's HS3 mission was the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer known as HIRAD. First long temperature reconstruction for the eastern Mediterranean based on tree rings Sep 26, 2013 For the eastern Mediterranean, an exactly dated time series of almost 900 year length was established, exhibiting the medieval warm period, the little ice age between the 16th and 19th century as well as ..
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html Competition: low
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion Competition: low
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
Science - The Antarctic Ozone Hole
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/ozhole.htm Competition: low
It will also depend on climate change in the intervening years, such as long-term cooling in the stratosphere, which could exacerbate ozone loss and prolong recovery of the ozone layer. When sunlight returns to the Antarctic in the Southern Hemisphere spring, this chlorine and bromine activation leads to rapid ozone loss, which then results in the Antarctic ozone hole
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060919112057AAz7JYO Competition: low
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/arctic/ozone.htm Competition: low
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
The Ozone Hole-Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs
http://www.theozonehole.com/cfc.htm Competition: low
CFCs have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can do a lot of damage, destroying ozone molecules for a long time. Other commercial names from around the world are Algofrene, Arcton, Asahiflon, Daiflon, Eskimo, FCC, Flon, Flugene, Forane, Fridohna, Frigen, Frigedohn, Genetron, Isceon, Isotron, Kaiser, Kaltron, Khladon, Ledon, Racon, and Ucon
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_the_hole_in_the_ozone_layer Competition: low
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_hole Competition: low
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
The Ozone Hole
http://www.theozonehole.com/ Competition: low
Scientific theory and evidence suggest that, once emitted to the atmosphere, these compounds could significantly deplete the stratospheric ozone layer that shields the planet from damaging UV-B radiation. The Ozone Hole About Us Awards Donate Contact Us Site Map News Links Ozone Hole History Montreal Protocol Ozone Hole 2006 Ozone hole 2013 Arctic Ozone Hole The Ozone Hole For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays
Antarctica: Frommer's Guide from Answers.com
First to spend the winter in Antarctica, on King George Island in 1821, were 11 men from the wrecked British vessel Lord Mellville.After 1822 fur sealing declined, but in 1829-30 Palmer and Pendleton led a sealing and exploring expedition that included Dr. Ross commanded two vessels on an expedition (1841-43) that discovered Victoria Land in E Antarctica, the Ross Sea, and the Ross Ice Shelf and explored and mapped the western approaches of the Weddell Sea.Inland and to the PoleIn the 1890s, after a half-century of neglect, interest in Antarctica was revived
2015 Global Warming Climate Change 2015 Predictions
The decrease in water already experienced at Lake Mead has reduced output from the turbines from 130 megawatts of peak capacity to 100, according to Peter DiDonato, who runs the Hoover Dam's hydroelectric generators. However, neither the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) nor the Department of Defense (DOD) has established plans to restore the full set of NPOESS capabilities over the life of the program
Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet
But after years of research and development NASA is poised to equip some of its most important deep space missions with ion engines that can nudge spacecraft using charged particles accelerated to blistering speeds of up to 90,000 miles per hour
Forum Actions: View this forum's RSS feed Forum Statistics: Threads: 1,401 Posts: 27,720 Last Post: Suffing with insomnia ! Help ! by lisa19proveit Yesterday 07:22 AM Politics, Current Events and Serious Discussion (13 Viewing) Discuss happenings in the world such as world governments, terrorism, and politics. Forum Actions: View this forum's RSS feed Forum Statistics: Threads: 646 Posts: 10,354 Last Post: Mobile Apps - Coming Soon by bill.zen 09-21-2013 06:06 PM General Forum (6 Viewing) For anything that doesn't fit anywhere else
Paleoclimatology: The Ice Core Record : Feature Articles
When the snow gets packed down by subsequent layers, the space between the crystals is eventually sealed off, trapping a small sample of the atmosphere in newly formed ice. By the time Alley and the GISP2 project finished in the early 1990s, they had pulled a nearly 2-mile-long core (3,053.44 meters) from the Greenland ice sheet, providing a record of at least the past 110,000 years
Earth and Environment - Telegraph
26 Sep 2013 Bison, bears and wolves return to Europe Bison, beavers and bears have made a comeback in Europe over the past 50 years, a major new study has found
The Relationship of Ozone Depletion and the Greenhouse Effect
(Stevens, A-19) "The temperature of the stratosphere is controlled by the weather that will come up from the lower atmosphere," said Paul Newman, another scientist who took part in the Arctic ozone project. "Experts Say Global Warming More Than Predicted: A New Study Released by the Pew Center on Global Climate Change Foresees Greater Global Warming than Previously Predicted, Along with Greater Extremes of Weather and Faster Sea-level Rise." July 10, 1999
The Bureau operates a network of ozone monitoring stations (at Melbourne, Brisbane, Darwin, and Macquarie Island), where the total amount of ozone above the station (total column ozone) is measured several times every day. When did the Antarctic Ozone Hole first appear? In the early 1980s, the British Antarctic Survey noticed that springtime ozone values measured by their Dobson spectrometer at Halley since 1958 had been dropping since the 1970s
Ozone depletion - The Full Wiki
The key observation is that, ordinarily, most of the chlorine in the stratosphere resides in stable "reservoir" compounds, primarily hydrochloric acid (HCl) and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2). During the Antarctic winter and spring, however, reactions on the surface of the polar stratospheric cloud particles convert these "reservoir" compounds into reactive free radicals (Cl and ClO)
Whales and other fishes have plankton as their main food, and if plankton die because of these UV rays, whales will start dying too, because they will not have anything to eat. THE OZONE HOLE ON ANIMALS AND PLANTS UV rays can go through water and end up killing small water animals or plants, called 'plankton' which form the base of the food chain in oceans and seas
How is the ozone layer being destroyed
The complex chemical reactions allow the chlorine and bromine to interact again and again with ozone molecules, until they eventually leave the ozone layer bonded to some other compound. The ionic oxygen releases more chloride ions to break down more ozone and CFCs The end result is the ozone is converted to oxygen quicker than natural processes can replace it Ozone depletion may be occurring because of the inadvertent actions of Man
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
At ground level ozone is a pollutant, but in the upper stratosphere (a segment of atmosphere extending approximately 9 miles to 30 miles above the earth's surface) it forms a layer that protects the earth from the sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation. This was the first time that the international community had recognized a need for action on an environmental problem before actual damages were recorded
Science - Ozone Basics
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
Is the ozone layer on the road to recovery?
HS3 mission identifies area of strong winds, rain in Hurricane Ingrid Sep 26, 2013 One of the instruments that flew aboard one of two unmanned Global Hawk aircraft during NASA's HS3 mission was the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer known as HIRAD. First long temperature reconstruction for the eastern Mediterranean based on tree rings Sep 26, 2013 For the eastern Mediterranean, an exactly dated time series of almost 900 year length was established, exhibiting the medieval warm period, the little ice age between the 16th and 19th century as well as ..
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
Science - The Antarctic Ozone Hole
It will also depend on climate change in the intervening years, such as long-term cooling in the stratosphere, which could exacerbate ozone loss and prolong recovery of the ozone layer. When sunlight returns to the Antarctic in the Southern Hemisphere spring, this chlorine and bromine activation leads to rapid ozone loss, which then results in the Antarctic ozone hole
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
The Ozone Hole-Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs
CFCs have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can do a lot of damage, destroying ozone molecules for a long time. Other commercial names from around the world are Algofrene, Arcton, Asahiflon, Daiflon, Eskimo, FCC, Flon, Flugene, Forane, Fridohna, Frigen, Frigedohn, Genetron, Isceon, Isotron, Kaiser, Kaltron, Khladon, Ledon, Racon, and Ucon
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
The Ozone Hole
Scientific theory and evidence suggest that, once emitted to the atmosphere, these compounds could significantly deplete the stratospheric ozone layer that shields the planet from damaging UV-B radiation. The Ozone Hole About Us Awards Donate Contact Us Site Map News Links Ozone Hole History Montreal Protocol Ozone Hole 2006 Ozone hole 2013 Arctic Ozone Hole The Ozone Hole For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays
No comments:
Post a Comment