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Top competitors on query "why is the ozone layer hole in antarctica"
ozone layer - National Geographic Education
http://education.nationalgeographic.com/education/encyclopedia/ozone-layer/?ar_a=1&ar_r=3 Competition: low
However, scientists now know that UVA light is even more harmful than UVB, penetrating more deeply and causing a deadly skin cancer, melanoma, and premature aging. The ozone layer is thinnest near the poles.In the 1970s, people all over the world started realizing that the ozone layer was getting thinner and that this was a bad thing
http://classroom.antarctica.gov.au/climate/ozone-depletion Competition: low
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which form during periods of very low temperatures, chemically alter normally-inert CFCs and related chemicals to destroy ozone in the presence of sunlight, effectively putting a hole in earth's protective ozone blanket. Antarctic atmospheric data going back to 1957 showed an alarming decline in ozone values over Antarctica each spring - effectively a hole in the ozone layer
Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers
http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=61862 Competition: low
The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Material or about the results to be obtained from using the Material. Bromine is estimated to be 50 times more effective than chlorine in destroying ozone.13 Insect fumigation, burning biomass, and gasoline usage all release methyl bromide into the air
Science - Ozone Basics
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm Competition: low
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
http://knowledgedrift.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/ozone-the-hole-that-always-was/ Competition: low
I have always believed that atmospheric friction is greater in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere because of the greater surface area of land mass and this is why we see more electrical discharges in the northern hemisphere. Because of the big scare concerning Ozone, most people are aware that Ozone absorbs UV which can be harmful to people, so running out of it sounded awful bad
http://www.wunderground.com/resources/climate/holefaq.asp Competition: low
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215022/ozone.htm Competition: low
Planetary scale waves are so large that they could wrap themselves around the whole earth! Unlike water waves, which go up and down, planetary scale waves displace the north air and south air as they travel around the earth. But, it was causing holes in our stratosphere, the second lowest layer in the atmosphere, and that is why it is referred to as "holes" in the atmosphere
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/intpol/ Competition: low
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Adopted on September 16, 1987 and amended four times, this treaty is the basis on which Title VI of the Clean Air Act was established. Over the past 20 years, EPA is proud to have been part of a broad coalition that developed and implemented flexible, innovative, and effective approaches to ensure stratospheric ozone layer protection
http://www.wunderground.com/resources/climate/ozone_skeptics.asp Competition: low
After making revisions, the author submits the article back to the journal editor, who can then accept the article, reject it, or send it back for another round of review. They also asked how Americans would go about putting sunscreen and hats on cows and stalks of corn, since plants and animals are adversely affected by UV light, as well
What was causing the depletion of the ozone layer
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_was_causing_the_depletion_of_the_ozone_layer Competition: low
Only ozone (not oxygen) in our current atmopshere can absorb UV-B radiation which is very very harmful for all the living organisms when it is at elevated levels. This molecule combines with ozone to reduce it to oxygen and a ClO molecule.The ClO attacks another Ozone molecule producing atomic oxygen and a chloride ion
Depletion of the Ozone Layer - ChemWiki
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/index.php?title=Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies/Depletion_of_the_Ozone_Layer&bc=0 Competition: low
In years with a strong polar vortex, the ozone hole is seen to expand in diameter, where as in years with a weaker polar vortex, the ozone hole is noted to shrink Ozone Depleting Substances The following substances are listed as ozone depleting substances under Title VI of the United State Clean Air Act: Table 1: Ozone Depleting Substances And Their Ozone-Depletion Potential. This extreme stability allows CFC's to slowly make there way into the stratosphere (most molecules are not around long enough to cross into the stratosphere from the troposphere)
Whatever Happened to the Ozone Hole?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/05/100505-science-environment-ozone-hole-25-years/ Competition: low
This blanket of ozone, or O3, blocks most of the sun's high-frequency ultraviolet rays.These UV rays can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans, as well as reproductive problems in fish, crabs, frogs, and even in the single-celled phytoplankton at the bottom of the ocean food chain.Ozone is created naturally when oxygen molecules (O2) high in the atmosphere get broken by sunlight into two free oxygen atoms. That's because atmospheric conditions during the cold, dark, Antarctic winters were building stockpiles of CFCs over the South Pole.Returning spring sunshine would then spawn an abundance of free chlorine, depleting ozone levels above Antarctica by as much as 65 percent
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html Competition: low
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2222949/The-hole-Ozone-layer-shrinks-second-smallest-decades-size-North-America.html Competition: low
5 10 Click to rate Report comment rob512, mansfield, United Kingdom, 11 months ago the thing with scientists is, they convince themselves and then compare rubbish between themselves then offer there findings to people in high places who have no knowledge of anything. Vile three-minute rant on London Tube that went viral Bunny swooped up by hawk moments after its release Kenya mall terror attack survivors emerge from fridge..
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070221025340AA0BPGa Competition: low
The sun and heat are very intense ( you have to live and work in 45 degree C heat to believe it ) and there is a large population of north European origin. 7 years ago Report Abuse Asker's Rating: Asker's Comment: thanky danky 0 stars - mark this as Interesting! Email Comment (0) Save Add to My Yahoo! Add to Del.icio.us RSS There are currently no comments for this question
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060919112057AAz7JYO Competition: low
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
What is the ozone layer and why is it important?How does ozone depletion occur? - Yahoo! Answers India
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070402233235AAXRmZt Competition: low
Source(s): comon logic 7 years ago Report Abuse by silivren Member since: 16 February 2007 Total points: 1,374 (Level 3) Add Contact Block the ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere of our planet. In addition, research has shown that ozone depletion occurs over the latitudes that include North America, Europe, Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, and South America
The Ozone Hole-Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs
http://www.theozonehole.com/cfc.htm Competition: low
CFCs have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can do a lot of damage, destroying ozone molecules for a long time. Other commercial names from around the world are Algofrene, Arcton, Asahiflon, Daiflon, Eskimo, FCC, Flon, Flugene, Forane, Fridohna, Frigen, Frigedohn, Genetron, Isceon, Isotron, Kaiser, Kaltron, Khladon, Ledon, Racon, and Ucon
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion Competition: low
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
The Ozone Layer
http://theozonehole.com/ozonelayer.htm Competition: low
It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. Ozone layer thickness is expressed in terms of Dobson units, which measure what its physical thickness would be if compressed in the Earth's atmosphere
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html Competition: low
These unusual reactions can occur only on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles, which may be water, ice, or nitric acid, depending on the temperature. From an aircraft field mission over Antarctica we also know that a total column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of catalyzed ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_the_hole_in_the_ozone_layer Competition: low
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/arctic/ozone.htm Competition: low
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_hole Competition: low
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
ozone layer - National Geographic Education
However, scientists now know that UVA light is even more harmful than UVB, penetrating more deeply and causing a deadly skin cancer, melanoma, and premature aging. The ozone layer is thinnest near the poles.In the 1970s, people all over the world started realizing that the ozone layer was getting thinner and that this was a bad thing
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), which form during periods of very low temperatures, chemically alter normally-inert CFCs and related chemicals to destroy ozone in the presence of sunlight, effectively putting a hole in earth's protective ozone blanket. Antarctic atmospheric data going back to 1957 showed an alarming decline in ozone values over Antarctica each spring - effectively a hole in the ozone layer
Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers
The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Material or about the results to be obtained from using the Material. Bromine is estimated to be 50 times more effective than chlorine in destroying ozone.13 Insect fumigation, burning biomass, and gasoline usage all release methyl bromide into the air
Science - Ozone Basics
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
http://knowledgedrift.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/ozone-the-hole-that-always-was/ Competition: lowI have always believed that atmospheric friction is greater in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere because of the greater surface area of land mass and this is why we see more electrical discharges in the northern hemisphere. Because of the big scare concerning Ozone, most people are aware that Ozone absorbs UV which can be harmful to people, so running out of it sounded awful bad
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
Planetary scale waves are so large that they could wrap themselves around the whole earth! Unlike water waves, which go up and down, planetary scale waves displace the north air and south air as they travel around the earth. But, it was causing holes in our stratosphere, the second lowest layer in the atmosphere, and that is why it is referred to as "holes" in the atmosphere
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer Adopted on September 16, 1987 and amended four times, this treaty is the basis on which Title VI of the Clean Air Act was established. Over the past 20 years, EPA is proud to have been part of a broad coalition that developed and implemented flexible, innovative, and effective approaches to ensure stratospheric ozone layer protection
After making revisions, the author submits the article back to the journal editor, who can then accept the article, reject it, or send it back for another round of review. They also asked how Americans would go about putting sunscreen and hats on cows and stalks of corn, since plants and animals are adversely affected by UV light, as well
What was causing the depletion of the ozone layer
Only ozone (not oxygen) in our current atmopshere can absorb UV-B radiation which is very very harmful for all the living organisms when it is at elevated levels. This molecule combines with ozone to reduce it to oxygen and a ClO molecule.The ClO attacks another Ozone molecule producing atomic oxygen and a chloride ion
Depletion of the Ozone Layer - ChemWiki
In years with a strong polar vortex, the ozone hole is seen to expand in diameter, where as in years with a weaker polar vortex, the ozone hole is noted to shrink Ozone Depleting Substances The following substances are listed as ozone depleting substances under Title VI of the United State Clean Air Act: Table 1: Ozone Depleting Substances And Their Ozone-Depletion Potential. This extreme stability allows CFC's to slowly make there way into the stratosphere (most molecules are not around long enough to cross into the stratosphere from the troposphere)
Whatever Happened to the Ozone Hole?
This blanket of ozone, or O3, blocks most of the sun's high-frequency ultraviolet rays.These UV rays can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans, as well as reproductive problems in fish, crabs, frogs, and even in the single-celled phytoplankton at the bottom of the ocean food chain.Ozone is created naturally when oxygen molecules (O2) high in the atmosphere get broken by sunlight into two free oxygen atoms. That's because atmospheric conditions during the cold, dark, Antarctic winters were building stockpiles of CFCs over the South Pole.Returning spring sunshine would then spawn an abundance of free chlorine, depleting ozone levels above Antarctica by as much as 65 percent
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
5 10 Click to rate Report comment rob512, mansfield, United Kingdom, 11 months ago the thing with scientists is, they convince themselves and then compare rubbish between themselves then offer there findings to people in high places who have no knowledge of anything. Vile three-minute rant on London Tube that went viral Bunny swooped up by hawk moments after its release Kenya mall terror attack survivors emerge from fridge..
The sun and heat are very intense ( you have to live and work in 45 degree C heat to believe it ) and there is a large population of north European origin. 7 years ago Report Abuse Asker's Rating: Asker's Comment: thanky danky 0 stars - mark this as Interesting! Email Comment (0) Save Add to My Yahoo! Add to Del.icio.us RSS There are currently no comments for this question
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
What is the ozone layer and why is it important?How does ozone depletion occur? - Yahoo! Answers India
Source(s): comon logic 7 years ago Report Abuse by silivren Member since: 16 February 2007 Total points: 1,374 (Level 3) Add Contact Block the ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere of our planet. In addition, research has shown that ozone depletion occurs over the latitudes that include North America, Europe, Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, and South America
The Ozone Hole-Chlorofluorocarbons or CFCs
CFCs have a lifetime in the atmosphere of about 20 to 100 years, and consequently one free chlorine atom from a CFC molecule can do a lot of damage, destroying ozone molecules for a long time. Other commercial names from around the world are Algofrene, Arcton, Asahiflon, Daiflon, Eskimo, FCC, Flon, Flugene, Forane, Fridohna, Frigen, Frigedohn, Genetron, Isceon, Isotron, Kaiser, Kaltron, Khladon, Ledon, Racon, and Ucon
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
The Ozone Layer
It is mainly located in the lower portion of the stratosphere from approximately 15 km to 35 km above Earth's surface, though the thickness varies seasonally and geographically. Ozone layer thickness is expressed in terms of Dobson units, which measure what its physical thickness would be if compressed in the Earth's atmosphere
These unusual reactions can occur only on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles, which may be water, ice, or nitric acid, depending on the temperature. From an aircraft field mission over Antarctica we also know that a total column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of catalyzed ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
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