Analysis of the search query | all spinal nerves from c2 to l5 exit the vertebral column through a n |
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Top competitors on query "all spinal nerves from c2 to l5 exit the vertebral column through a n"
http://lifeinpain.org/node/36 Competition: low
God Bless You All and The Doctors that helped me walk again! Reply Audrey Hartman August 17, 2011 at 4:17 pm I am a 60 year old female and had my first epidural steroid injection for herniated L5, L6. After two shoulder surgeries and many months of PT I still have no relief only to discover I have a protrusion in my neck that could possibly be causing my symptoms
http://www.livestrong.com/article/265967-what-are-the-treatments-for-l5-nerve-root-permanent-nerve-damage/ Competition: low
Photo Credit drugs image by Horticulture from Fotolia.com The term "L5" describes the area, or level, in which a specific spinal nerve exits the spinal column and runs through the body. Gabapentin and amitriptyline may cause drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness or hallucinations, and the patient should immediately let his doctor know if he's experiencing any of these side effects
Spinal Cord Injury: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm Competition: low
Sacral spinal nerves (S1 to S5) emerge from the spinal cord in the low back and control signals to the thighs and lower parts of the legs, the feet, most of the external genital organs, and the area around the anus. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history
http://www.spineuniverse.com/conditions/spinal-stenosis/spinal-stenosis-lumbar-cervical Competition: low
Herkowitz, MDPeer Reviewed Email Print In This Article Spinal Stenosis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatments Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which places pressure on the spinal cord. Surgical Treatment of Spinal Stenosis In many cases, non-surgical treatments do not treat the conditions that cause spinal stenosis; however, they might temporarily relieve pain
Spinal fusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002968.htm Competition: low
Other surgery, such as a diskectomy, laminectomy, or a foraminotomy, is almost always done first.The surgeon will use a graft (such as bone) to hold (or fuse) the bones together permanently. The surgeon will use tools called retractors to gently separate, hold the soft tissues and blood vessels apart, and have room to work.With a cut on the front of the neck, toward the side
http://www.onhealth.com/herniated_disc/article.htm Competition: low
Though treatment for neck Pinched Nerve A pinched nerve can be caused of a variety of conditions, for example, carpal tunnel syndrome, herniated disc, sciatica, arthritis, spinal stenosis, trauma, Radiculopathy Radiculopathy, a condition in which a nerve or nerves along the spine are compressed causing pain, numbness, weakenss, and tingling along the nerve(s). View Full Profile Herniated disc facts How are the spine and its discs designed? What is a herniated disc? What causes it? What are symptoms of a herniated disc? How is a herniated disc diagnosed? How is a herniated disc treated? What is the prognosis (outlook) for a herniated disc? Can a herniated disc be prevented? Patient Comments: Herniated Disc - SymptomsPatient Comments: Herniated Disc - TreatmentFind a local Orthopedic Surgeon in your town Herniated disc facts The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies, which minimize the impact of movement on the spinal column
http://www.mdguidelines.com/spinal-fusion Competition: low
It is published with the understanding that the author, editors, and publisher are not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting or other professional service. Complications associated with a posterior approach include injury to the vertebral artery and nerves in the cervical spine, severe spinal muscle pain, high blood loss, and nerve injury in the lumbar spine
http://www.pediatric-orthopedics.com/Topics/Bones/Vertebrae/vertebrae.html Competition: low
A sheet of muscle that seals off the bottom of the chest cavity - the diaphragm - moves upward and downward to also expand the space in the chest cavity. and the spinal column of vertebrae is also named in three parts - though sitting on a buried skeleton - a fourth part called the sacrum The vertebral column is divided up into sections by form and function
http://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/sciatica_sciatic_nerve_pain/ Competition: low
Streamlined Process Am I a Candidate Patient Resources Steps to Recovery Caregivers Patient Testimonials Success Videos Physical Therapy Videos Patient Services (PSD) Medical Consultation Learn More Learn More Surgery Outcomes Fusion Alternative Free MRI Review Pain Management All FAQs Spinal Glossary Free Spine Seminars What is minimally invasive spine surgery and can this procedure help you? You can get these answers by attending a Free Educational Seminar. Learn about Natalie Gulbis's Recovery Meet our Physicians and Surgeons Our medical professionals know that you expect excellence in terms of medical attention
Disc Anatomy
http://www.chirogeek.com/000_Disc_Anatomy.htm Competition: low
Although rare, injury to these sympathetic nerves may cause RSD symptoms (now called CRPS) in the patients lower limbs; this usually would occur following surgery. They also make up the back border of the intervertebral foramen and may physically compress and trap the exiting nerves secondary to degenerative thickening (sclerosis); this condition is called lateral canal stenosis
Anatomy of spine
http://www.slideshare.net/pankajnsurange/anatomy-of-spine Competition: low
3 months ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here rdajayjha excellent ppt 1 year ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here dr-nishanth-k xellent thanks.
http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Back--Neck/Bulging-Disc-L5---S1---referred-Leg-Pain-Sciatic-nerve-pressure/show/17883 Competition: low
It is really sad when the surgeons, and most neurologists, have a God complex and think they are the only ones that know whether or not there is really something wrong. I was getting epidural shots every month and have been taking 15 mg oxycodone, 20 mg oxycotin extended release tabs, 10 mg flexeril, 10 mg Ambien, and Limbrel 500
http://donsnotes.com/health/spine/diagnosis-surgery.html Competition: low
Spinous process of C7 2nd-7th: The bodies of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae Source: University of Szeged, Hungary Diagnosis: A computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study is usually performed to confirm the associated condition and best procedure. PLIF - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion - A graft placed between the vertebral bodies PNT (Percutaneous neuromodulation therapy) - Treatment for pain by electrical stimulation directly to the deeper tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons) near the spine through several needle electrodes
http://www.livestrong.com/article/245034-symptoms-of-an-l5-s1-degenerative-disc/ Competition: low
Photo Credit sexy back 3 image by Kelly Kane from Fotolia.com The vertebral column is both durable and flexible, allowing a person to move freely in many different directions. Moreover, we do not select every advertiser or advertisement that appears on the web site-many of the advertisements are served by third party advertising companies
http://www.ehow.com/about_5133345_functions-spinal-nerves.html Competition: low
If any of the nerves or related components are damaged, disrupted or cannot function properly, it can affect very specific regions of the body, like pain in the shoulders or wrist, or it can be more severe like permanent disability in the legs. What Do the Nerves of the Thoracic Spine Control? Thoracic nerves 7 through 11 function in a similar manner to the upper thoracic nerves, except that these nerves supply the skin..
BIOL 237 Class Notes - The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/spinal_notes.htm Competition: low
So pain in the heart is often interpreted as pain in the left arm or shoulder, pain in the diaphragm is interpreted as along the left clavicle and neck, and the "stitch in your side" you sometimes feel when running is pain in the liver as its vessels vasoconstrict. The arachnoid has abundant space within and beneath it (the subarachnoid space) which contains cerebrospinal fluid, as does the space beneath the dura mater (subdural space)
spinal nerve: Definition from Answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/spinal-nerve Competition: low
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
Chapter 39: The vertebral column
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_7/chapter_39.html Competition: low
In addition to the transverse and spinous processes, which serve as short levers, the 12 thoracic vertebrae are connected by joints with paired, long levers, namely the ribs. The transverse processes emerge laterally at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, and the spinous process proceeds posteriorly from the union of the laminae
Spine Anatomy Overview: Spinal Cord, Discs, Nerve Roots, Facet Joints, Ligaments, Muscles
http://andrewmoultonmd.com/spine-anatomy.php Competition: low
Inside each vertebra is cancellous bone, which is weaker than cortical bone and consists of loosely knit structures that look somewhat like a honeycomb. Like other joints in the body, each facet joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces synovial fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint
http://quizlet.com/16698400/chapter-13-the-spinal-cord-and-spinal-nerves-flash-cards/ Competition: low
Parts of the PNS, connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body, and are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge. Why are all spinal nerves classified as mixed nerves? All spinal nerves are classified as mixed because their posterior roots contain sensory axons and their anterior roots contain motor axons
http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html Competition: low
In most individuals, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus effectively resist this load, but in some people they do not and the nucleus pulposus is forced out of the disc, or is herniated. This change in structure of the posterior longitudinal ligament is part of the reason that the overwhelming majority of disc herniations occur posteriorly in the lumbar region
The Vertebral Column
http://apparelyzed.com/spine.html Competition: low
2): The body is composed of cancellous tissue, covered by a thin coating of compact bone; the latter is perforated by numerous orifices, some of large size for the passage of vessels; the interior of the bone is traversed by one or two large canals, for the reception of veins, which converge toward a single large, irregular aperture, or several small apertures, at the posterior part of the body. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels; on the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra
16 Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves
http://www.slideshare.net/guest334add/16-spinal-cord-and-spinal-nerves Competition: low
trigeminal Dermatomes of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) are seen on the face Note that the trigeminal nerve has dermatomes on the face (see white area) and that the first pair of cervical spinal nerves (C1 spinal nerves) are not represented on the surface at all. Needle for spinal tap Spinal taps are done between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae because there is no spinal cord at that location The tip of the needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space outside the cauda equina and spinal fluid is removed for testing
Spinal Cord Anatomy
http://apparelyzed.com/spinalcord.html Competition: low
The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat1.html Competition: low
Below that level, the spinal canal contains only the roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves, as they descend to exit at the appropriate levels. Another group of muscles connects the fronts of the cervical vertebrae to each other and the base of the skull; these muscles flex (forward bend) the head and neck
Spinal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve Competition: low
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
Spinal cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_Cord Competition: low
As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. Either way, the primary axon ascends to the lower medulla, where it leaves its fasiculus and synapses with a secondary neuron in one of the dorsal column nuclei: either the nucleus gracilis or the nucleus cuneatus, depending on the pathway it took
http://lifeinpain.org/node/36 Competition: low
God Bless You All and The Doctors that helped me walk again! Reply Audrey Hartman August 17, 2011 at 4:17 pm I am a 60 year old female and had my first epidural steroid injection for herniated L5, L6. After two shoulder surgeries and many months of PT I still have no relief only to discover I have a protrusion in my neck that could possibly be causing my symptoms
http://www.livestrong.com/article/265967-what-are-the-treatments-for-l5-nerve-root-permanent-nerve-damage/ Competition: low
Photo Credit drugs image by Horticulture from Fotolia.com The term "L5" describes the area, or level, in which a specific spinal nerve exits the spinal column and runs through the body. Gabapentin and amitriptyline may cause drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness or hallucinations, and the patient should immediately let his doctor know if he's experiencing any of these side effects
Spinal Cord Injury: Hope Through Research: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/sci/detail_sci.htm Competition: low
Sacral spinal nerves (S1 to S5) emerge from the spinal cord in the low back and control signals to the thighs and lower parts of the legs, the feet, most of the external genital organs, and the area around the anus. Advice on the treatment or care of an individual patient should be obtained through consultation with a physician who has examined that patient or is familiar with that patient's medical history
http://www.spineuniverse.com/conditions/spinal-stenosis/spinal-stenosis-lumbar-cervical Competition: low
Herkowitz, MDPeer Reviewed Email Print In This Article Spinal Stenosis Symptoms Diagnosis Treatments Spinal stenosis is a narrowing of the spinal canal, which places pressure on the spinal cord. Surgical Treatment of Spinal Stenosis In many cases, non-surgical treatments do not treat the conditions that cause spinal stenosis; however, they might temporarily relieve pain
Spinal fusion: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002968.htm Competition: low
Other surgery, such as a diskectomy, laminectomy, or a foraminotomy, is almost always done first.The surgeon will use a graft (such as bone) to hold (or fuse) the bones together permanently. The surgeon will use tools called retractors to gently separate, hold the soft tissues and blood vessels apart, and have room to work.With a cut on the front of the neck, toward the side
http://www.onhealth.com/herniated_disc/article.htm Competition: low
Though treatment for neck Pinched Nerve A pinched nerve can be caused of a variety of conditions, for example, carpal tunnel syndrome, herniated disc, sciatica, arthritis, spinal stenosis, trauma, Radiculopathy Radiculopathy, a condition in which a nerve or nerves along the spine are compressed causing pain, numbness, weakenss, and tingling along the nerve(s). View Full Profile Herniated disc facts How are the spine and its discs designed? What is a herniated disc? What causes it? What are symptoms of a herniated disc? How is a herniated disc diagnosed? How is a herniated disc treated? What is the prognosis (outlook) for a herniated disc? Can a herniated disc be prevented? Patient Comments: Herniated Disc - SymptomsPatient Comments: Herniated Disc - TreatmentFind a local Orthopedic Surgeon in your town Herniated disc facts The discs are pads that serve as "cushions" between the vertebral bodies, which minimize the impact of movement on the spinal column
http://www.mdguidelines.com/spinal-fusion Competition: low
It is published with the understanding that the author, editors, and publisher are not engaged in rendering medical, legal, accounting or other professional service. Complications associated with a posterior approach include injury to the vertebral artery and nerves in the cervical spine, severe spinal muscle pain, high blood loss, and nerve injury in the lumbar spine
http://www.pediatric-orthopedics.com/Topics/Bones/Vertebrae/vertebrae.html Competition: low
A sheet of muscle that seals off the bottom of the chest cavity - the diaphragm - moves upward and downward to also expand the space in the chest cavity. and the spinal column of vertebrae is also named in three parts - though sitting on a buried skeleton - a fourth part called the sacrum The vertebral column is divided up into sections by form and function
http://www.laserspineinstitute.com/back_problems/sciatica_sciatic_nerve_pain/ Competition: low
Streamlined Process Am I a Candidate Patient Resources Steps to Recovery Caregivers Patient Testimonials Success Videos Physical Therapy Videos Patient Services (PSD) Medical Consultation Learn More Learn More Surgery Outcomes Fusion Alternative Free MRI Review Pain Management All FAQs Spinal Glossary Free Spine Seminars What is minimally invasive spine surgery and can this procedure help you? You can get these answers by attending a Free Educational Seminar. Learn about Natalie Gulbis's Recovery Meet our Physicians and Surgeons Our medical professionals know that you expect excellence in terms of medical attention
Disc Anatomy
http://www.chirogeek.com/000_Disc_Anatomy.htm Competition: low
Although rare, injury to these sympathetic nerves may cause RSD symptoms (now called CRPS) in the patients lower limbs; this usually would occur following surgery. They also make up the back border of the intervertebral foramen and may physically compress and trap the exiting nerves secondary to degenerative thickening (sclerosis); this condition is called lateral canal stenosis
Anatomy of spine
http://www.slideshare.net/pankajnsurange/anatomy-of-spine Competition: low
3 months ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here rdajayjha excellent ppt 1 year ago Reply Are you sure you want to Yes No Your message goes here dr-nishanth-k xellent thanks.
http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Back--Neck/Bulging-Disc-L5---S1---referred-Leg-Pain-Sciatic-nerve-pressure/show/17883 Competition: low
It is really sad when the surgeons, and most neurologists, have a God complex and think they are the only ones that know whether or not there is really something wrong. I was getting epidural shots every month and have been taking 15 mg oxycodone, 20 mg oxycotin extended release tabs, 10 mg flexeril, 10 mg Ambien, and Limbrel 500
http://donsnotes.com/health/spine/diagnosis-surgery.html Competition: low
Spinous process of C7 2nd-7th: The bodies of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae Source: University of Szeged, Hungary Diagnosis: A computed tomography (CT or CAT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study is usually performed to confirm the associated condition and best procedure. PLIF - Posterior lumbar interbody fusion - A graft placed between the vertebral bodies PNT (Percutaneous neuromodulation therapy) - Treatment for pain by electrical stimulation directly to the deeper tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons) near the spine through several needle electrodes
http://www.livestrong.com/article/245034-symptoms-of-an-l5-s1-degenerative-disc/ Competition: low
Photo Credit sexy back 3 image by Kelly Kane from Fotolia.com The vertebral column is both durable and flexible, allowing a person to move freely in many different directions. Moreover, we do not select every advertiser or advertisement that appears on the web site-many of the advertisements are served by third party advertising companies
http://www.ehow.com/about_5133345_functions-spinal-nerves.html Competition: low
If any of the nerves or related components are damaged, disrupted or cannot function properly, it can affect very specific regions of the body, like pain in the shoulders or wrist, or it can be more severe like permanent disability in the legs. What Do the Nerves of the Thoracic Spine Control? Thoracic nerves 7 through 11 function in a similar manner to the upper thoracic nerves, except that these nerves supply the skin..
BIOL 237 Class Notes - The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
http://www.unm.edu/~jimmy/spinal_notes.htm Competition: low
So pain in the heart is often interpreted as pain in the left arm or shoulder, pain in the diaphragm is interpreted as along the left clavicle and neck, and the "stitch in your side" you sometimes feel when running is pain in the liver as its vessels vasoconstrict. The arachnoid has abundant space within and beneath it (the subarachnoid space) which contains cerebrospinal fluid, as does the space beneath the dura mater (subdural space)
spinal nerve: Definition from Answers.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/spinal-nerve Competition: low
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
Chapter 39: The vertebral column
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_7/chapter_39.html Competition: low
In addition to the transverse and spinous processes, which serve as short levers, the 12 thoracic vertebrae are connected by joints with paired, long levers, namely the ribs. The transverse processes emerge laterally at the junction of the pedicles and laminae, and the spinous process proceeds posteriorly from the union of the laminae
Spine Anatomy Overview: Spinal Cord, Discs, Nerve Roots, Facet Joints, Ligaments, Muscles
http://andrewmoultonmd.com/spine-anatomy.php Competition: low
Inside each vertebra is cancellous bone, which is weaker than cortical bone and consists of loosely knit structures that look somewhat like a honeycomb. Like other joints in the body, each facet joint is surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue and produces synovial fluid to nourish and lubricate the joint
http://quizlet.com/16698400/chapter-13-the-spinal-cord-and-spinal-nerves-flash-cards/ Competition: low
Parts of the PNS, connect the CNS to sensors and effectors in all parts of the body, and are named according to the region of the cord from which they emerge. Why are all spinal nerves classified as mixed nerves? All spinal nerves are classified as mixed because their posterior roots contain sensory axons and their anterior roots contain motor axons
http://www.emory.edu/ANATOMY/AnatomyManual/back.html Competition: low
In most individuals, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus effectively resist this load, but in some people they do not and the nucleus pulposus is forced out of the disc, or is herniated. This change in structure of the posterior longitudinal ligament is part of the reason that the overwhelming majority of disc herniations occur posteriorly in the lumbar region
The Vertebral Column
http://apparelyzed.com/spine.html Competition: low
2): The body is composed of cancellous tissue, covered by a thin coating of compact bone; the latter is perforated by numerous orifices, some of large size for the passage of vessels; the interior of the bone is traversed by one or two large canals, for the reception of veins, which converge toward a single large, irregular aperture, or several small apertures, at the posterior part of the body. Its anterior surface presents a few small apertures, for the passage of nutrient vessels; on the posterior surface is a single large, irregular aperture, or occasionally more than one, for the exit of the basi-vertebral veins from the body of the vertebra
16 Spinal Cord And Spinal Nerves
http://www.slideshare.net/guest334add/16-spinal-cord-and-spinal-nerves Competition: low
trigeminal Dermatomes of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V) are seen on the face Note that the trigeminal nerve has dermatomes on the face (see white area) and that the first pair of cervical spinal nerves (C1 spinal nerves) are not represented on the surface at all. Needle for spinal tap Spinal taps are done between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae because there is no spinal cord at that location The tip of the needle is inserted into the subarachnoid space outside the cauda equina and spinal fluid is removed for testing
Spinal Cord Anatomy
http://apparelyzed.com/spinalcord.html Competition: low
The spinal cord is surrounded by a clear fluid called Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF), that acts as a cushion to protect the delicate nerve tissues against damage from banging against the inside of the vertebrae. The anatomy of the spinal cord itself, consists of millions of nerve fibres which transmit electrical information to and from the limbs, trunk and organs of the body, back to and from the brain
http://www.chionline.com/anatomy/anat1.html Competition: low
Below that level, the spinal canal contains only the roots of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves, as they descend to exit at the appropriate levels. Another group of muscles connects the fronts of the cervical vertebrae to each other and the base of the skull; these muscles flex (forward bend) the head and neck
Spinal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_nerve Competition: low
Humans have 31 left-right pairs of spinal nerves, each roughly corresponding to a segment of the vertebral column: 8 cervical spinal nerve pairs (C1-C8), 12 thoracic pairs (T1-T12), 5 lumbar pairs (L1-L5), 5 sacral pairs (S1-S5), and 1 coccygeal pair. The rami communicantes contain autonomic nerves that serve visceral functions carrying visceral motor and sensory information to and from the visceral organs
Spinal cord - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_Cord Competition: low
As these nerves travel from their respective roots to their point of exit from the vertebral column, the nerves of the lower spinal segments form a bundle called the cauda equina. Either way, the primary axon ascends to the lower medulla, where it leaves its fasiculus and synapses with a secondary neuron in one of the dorsal column nuclei: either the nucleus gracilis or the nucleus cuneatus, depending on the pathway it took
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