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Top competitors on query "why is the hole in the ozone layer above antarctica"
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/ozone Competition: low
The ozone is then transported northward and southward by wind and is generally most concentrated in areas above the Canadian Arctic and Siberia and above Antarctica. Closer to Earth's surface, ozone is one of the so-called greenhouse gases that are produced by the burning of fossil fuels and cause the greenhouse effect
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/defns.html Competition: low
The person importing the heel must certify that the residual amount will remain in the container and be included in a future shipment, or be recovered for transformation, destruction, or a non-emissive purpose. Under the Montreal Protocol, several international organizations report on the science of ozone depletion, implement projects to help move away from ODS, and provide a forum for policy discussions
Expert Advice on Protecting the Ozone Layer
http://www.ozonedepletion.co.uk/ Competition: low
What is ozone? Can changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere affect life on earth? What caused the hole in the ozone layer? Why are people so worried about it? How long has it been there, and who discovered it? Why is Antarctica particularly affected? What is the connection between ozone depletion and global warming? OzoneDepletion contains the answers to these and many other questions
Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers
http://www.123helpme.com/view.asp?id=61862 Competition: low
The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Material or about the results to be obtained from using the Material. Bromine is estimated to be 50 times more effective than chlorine in destroying ozone.13 Insect fumigation, burning biomass, and gasoline usage all release methyl bromide into the air
http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215022/ozone.htm Competition: low
Planetary scale waves are so large that they could wrap themselves around the whole earth! Unlike water waves, which go up and down, planetary scale waves displace the north air and south air as they travel around the earth. But, it was causing holes in our stratosphere, the second lowest layer in the atmosphere, and that is why it is referred to as "holes" in the atmosphere
Press Release - Increasing Antarctic sea ice extent linked to the ozone hole - British Antarctic Survey
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=838 Competition: low
The effects of the ozone hole propagate down through the atmosphere during the summer and autumn so that the greatest increase in surface winds over the Southern Ocean has been during the autumn. In contrast, East Antarctic has shown little change or even a small cooling around the coast, which is consistent with the small increase in sea ice extent off the coast
Science - Ozone Basics
http://www.ozonelayer.noaa.gov/science/basics.htm Competition: low
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
http://knowledgedrift.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/ozone-the-hole-that-always-was/ Competition: low
I have always believed that atmospheric friction is greater in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere because of the greater surface area of land mass and this is why we see more electrical discharges in the northern hemisphere. Because of the big scare concerning Ozone, most people are aware that Ozone absorbs UV which can be harmful to people, so running out of it sounded awful bad
http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/sc_fact.html Competition: low
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/ozone_record.html Competition: low
The temperature readings from NOAA satellites and balloons during late-September 2006 showed the lower stratosphere at the rim of Antarctica was approximately nine degrees Fahrenheit colder than average, increasing the size of this year's ozone hole by 1.2 to 1.5 million square miles. In this critical layer, the instrument measured a record low of only 1.2 DU., having rapidly plunged from an average non-hole reading of 125 DU in July and August
http://www.wunderground.com/resources/climate/holefaq.asp Competition: low
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part1.html Competition: low
Another story goes that the TOMS satellite data didn't show the dramatic loss of ozone because the software processing the raw ozone data from the satellite was programmed to treat very low values of ozone as bad readings! Later analysis of the raw data when the results from the British Antarctic Survey team were published, confirmed their results and showed that the loss was rapid and large-scale; over most of the Antarctica continent. CFC's are a common industrial product, used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging
http://www.wunderground.com/resources/climate/ozone_skeptics.asp Competition: low
After making revisions, the author submits the article back to the journal editor, who can then accept the article, reject it, or send it back for another round of review. They also asked how Americans would go about putting sunscreen and hats on cows and stalks of corn, since plants and animals are adversely affected by UV light, as well
Depletion of the Ozone Layer - ChemWiki
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/index.php?title=Physical_Chemistry/Kinetics/Case_Studies/Depletion_of_the_Ozone_Layer&bc=0 Competition: low
In years with a strong polar vortex, the ozone hole is seen to expand in diameter, where as in years with a weaker polar vortex, the ozone hole is noted to shrink Ozone Depleting Substances The following substances are listed as ozone depleting substances under Title VI of the United State Clean Air Act: Table 1: Ozone Depleting Substances And Their Ozone-Depletion Potential. This extreme stability allows CFC's to slowly make there way into the stratosphere (most molecules are not around long enough to cross into the stratosphere from the troposphere)
Whatever Happened to the Ozone Hole?
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/05/100505-science-environment-ozone-hole-25-years/ Competition: low
This blanket of ozone, or O3, blocks most of the sun's high-frequency ultraviolet rays.These UV rays can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans, as well as reproductive problems in fish, crabs, frogs, and even in the single-celled phytoplankton at the bottom of the ocean food chain.Ozone is created naturally when oxygen molecules (O2) high in the atmosphere get broken by sunlight into two free oxygen atoms. That's because atmospheric conditions during the cold, dark, Antarctic winters were building stockpiles of CFCs over the South Pole.Returning spring sunshine would then spawn an abundance of free chlorine, depleting ozone levels above Antarctica by as much as 65 percent
Ozone Hole through the years : Image of the Day
http://www.earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=49040 Competition: low
The lowest value (deepest hole) ever recorded was 73 Dobson Units on September 30, 1994, while the broadest hole occurred on September 29, 2000, when the ozone-depleted area stretched 29.9 million square kilometers. The treaty included a requirement that scientists regularly assess and report on the health of the ozone layer, particularly the annual Antarctic ozone hole
What is the ozone layer and why is it important?How does ozone depletion occur? - Yahoo! Answers India
http://in.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070402233235AAXRmZt Competition: low
Source(s): comon logic 7 years ago Report Abuse by silivren Member since: 16 February 2007 Total points: 1,374 (Level 3) Add Contact Block the ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere of our planet. In addition, research has shown that ozone depletion occurs over the latitudes that include North America, Europe, Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, and South America
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/history.html Competition: low
NASA has been monitoring the status of the ozone layer through satellite observations since the 1970s, beginning with the TOMS sensors on the Nimbus satellites. For example, the National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) measured elevated levels of the chemical chlorine dioxide (OClO) during the springtime ozone hole from McMurdo Research Station
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060919112057AAz7JYO Competition: low
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2222949/The-hole-Ozone-layer-shrinks-second-smallest-decades-size-North-America.html Competition: low
5 10 Click to rate Report comment rob512, mansfield, United Kingdom, 11 months ago the thing with scientists is, they convince themselves and then compare rubbish between themselves then offer there findings to people in high places who have no knowledge of anything. Dog steers baby away from dangerous waves in Turkey Frisky fella! Baboon gropes TV reporter live on air Vile three-minute rant on London Tube that went viral A taste of goings-on at Little Liaison nights in promo..
How summer thunderstorms could be punching new holes in the ozone layer (+video) - CSMonitor.com
http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/2012/0726/How-summer-thunderstorms-could-be-punching-new-holes-in-the-ozone-layer-video Competition: low
Ginger Passarelli is a good Samaritan with a soup ladle Rushing to the scene of emergencies and disasters, Passarelli and her Soup Ladies nourish the helpers. Barth, who was not part of Anderson's team, and colleagues have just completed a field project gathering data on thunderstorms and their impact on atmospheric chemistry, including ozone reactions.In fact, Anderson's team initially was working on another climate problem: the formation of cirrus clouds and their effect on climate
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion Competition: low
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
Why is an ozone hole formed only above Antarctica and not over developed countries that emit a lot of CFCs
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_an_ozone_hole_formed_only_above_Antarctica_and_not_over_developed_countries_that_emit_a_lot_of_CFCs Competition: low
During the extreme cold of winter, with no sun for six months, polar winds create a vortex which traps and chills the air; the temperature is below -80 Celsius. In 2006, the tip of South America was under the Antarctic hole Is there really a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica? The ozone hole is not actually a hole but the lowering of ozone concentration below a certain level
The Ozone Hole-Ozone Hole History
http://www.theozonehole.com/ozoneholehistory.htm Competition: low
The 100 hPa temperature over Halley and Vernadsky was below the long term mean for most of the season.Total ozone values fell from an estimated 300 DU in early July to around 200 DU in mid August. These Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC's) are composed of ice crystals that provide the surface for a multitude of reactions, many of which speed the degradation of ozone molecules
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_causes_of_the_hole_in_the_ozone_layer Competition: low
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/arctic/ozone.htm Competition: low
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
http://ozonewatch.gsfc.nasa.gov/facts/hole.html Competition: low
These unusual reactions can occur only on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles, which may be water, ice, or nitric acid, depending on the temperature. From an aircraft field mission over Antarctica we also know that a total column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of catalyzed ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds
http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20070221025340AA0BPGa Competition: low
The sun and heat are very intense ( you have to live and work in 45 degree C heat to believe it ) and there is a large population of north European origin. 7 years ago Report Abuse Asker's Rating: Asker's Comment: thanky danky 0 stars - mark this as Interesting! Email Comment (0) Save Add to My Yahoo! Add to Del.icio.us RSS There are currently no comments for this question
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_hole Competition: low
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
The Ozone Hole
http://www.theozonehole.com/ Competition: low
Scientific theory and evidence suggest that, once emitted to the atmosphere, these compounds could significantly deplete the stratospheric ozone layer that shields the planet from damaging UV-B radiation. The Ozone Hole About Us Awards Donate Contact Us Site Map News Links Ozone Hole History Montreal Protocol Ozone Hole 2006 Ozone hole 2013 Arctic Ozone Hole The Ozone Hole For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays
The ozone is then transported northward and southward by wind and is generally most concentrated in areas above the Canadian Arctic and Siberia and above Antarctica. Closer to Earth's surface, ozone is one of the so-called greenhouse gases that are produced by the burning of fossil fuels and cause the greenhouse effect
The person importing the heel must certify that the residual amount will remain in the container and be included in a future shipment, or be recovered for transformation, destruction, or a non-emissive purpose. Under the Montreal Protocol, several international organizations report on the science of ozone depletion, implement projects to help move away from ODS, and provide a forum for policy discussions
Expert Advice on Protecting the Ozone Layer
What is ozone? Can changes in the composition of the Earth's atmosphere affect life on earth? What caused the hole in the ozone layer? Why are people so worried about it? How long has it been there, and who discovered it? Why is Antarctica particularly affected? What is the connection between ozone depletion and global warming? OzoneDepletion contains the answers to these and many other questions
Depletion Of The Ozone Layer :: essays research papers
The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or timeliness of the Material or about the results to be obtained from using the Material. Bromine is estimated to be 50 times more effective than chlorine in destroying ozone.13 Insect fumigation, burning biomass, and gasoline usage all release methyl bromide into the air
Planetary scale waves are so large that they could wrap themselves around the whole earth! Unlike water waves, which go up and down, planetary scale waves displace the north air and south air as they travel around the earth. But, it was causing holes in our stratosphere, the second lowest layer in the atmosphere, and that is why it is referred to as "holes" in the atmosphere
Press Release - Increasing Antarctic sea ice extent linked to the ozone hole - British Antarctic Survey
The effects of the ozone hole propagate down through the atmosphere during the summer and autumn so that the greatest increase in surface winds over the Southern Ocean has been during the autumn. In contrast, East Antarctic has shown little change or even a small cooling around the coast, which is consistent with the small increase in sea ice extent off the coast
Science - Ozone Basics
CFCs, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform are important human-produced ozone-depleting gases that have been used in many applications including refrigeration, air conditioning, foam blowing, cleaning of electronics components, and as solvents. Another important group of human-produced halocarbons is the halons, which contain carbon, bromine, fluorine, and (in some cases) chlorine and have been mainly used as fire extinguishants
http://knowledgedrift.wordpress.com/2010/05/22/ozone-the-hole-that-always-was/ Competition: lowI have always believed that atmospheric friction is greater in the northern hemisphere than the southern hemisphere because of the greater surface area of land mass and this is why we see more electrical discharges in the northern hemisphere. Because of the big scare concerning Ozone, most people are aware that Ozone absorbs UV which can be harmful to people, so running out of it sounded awful bad
In 1992, reacting to the latest scientific assessment of the ozone layer, the Parties to the Protocol decided to completely end production of halons by the beginning of 1994 and of CFCs by the beginning of 1996 in developed countries. UVB has been linked to many harmful effects, including various types of skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to some crops, certain materials, and some forms of marine life
The temperature readings from NOAA satellites and balloons during late-September 2006 showed the lower stratosphere at the rim of Antarctica was approximately nine degrees Fahrenheit colder than average, increasing the size of this year's ozone hole by 1.2 to 1.5 million square miles. In this critical layer, the instrument measured a record low of only 1.2 DU., having rapidly plunged from an average non-hole reading of 125 DU in July and August
Are volcanos a major source of chlorine to the stratosphere? No, volcanos contribute at most just a few percent of the chlorine found in the stratosphere. The pesticide methyl bromide, another significant ozone-depleting substance, was scheduled to be phased out in 2004 in developing countries, but a U.S.-led delaying effort led to a one-year extension until the end of 2005
Another story goes that the TOMS satellite data didn't show the dramatic loss of ozone because the software processing the raw ozone data from the satellite was programmed to treat very low values of ozone as bad readings! Later analysis of the raw data when the results from the British Antarctic Survey team were published, confirmed their results and showed that the loss was rapid and large-scale; over most of the Antarctica continent. CFC's are a common industrial product, used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging
After making revisions, the author submits the article back to the journal editor, who can then accept the article, reject it, or send it back for another round of review. They also asked how Americans would go about putting sunscreen and hats on cows and stalks of corn, since plants and animals are adversely affected by UV light, as well
Depletion of the Ozone Layer - ChemWiki
In years with a strong polar vortex, the ozone hole is seen to expand in diameter, where as in years with a weaker polar vortex, the ozone hole is noted to shrink Ozone Depleting Substances The following substances are listed as ozone depleting substances under Title VI of the United State Clean Air Act: Table 1: Ozone Depleting Substances And Their Ozone-Depletion Potential. This extreme stability allows CFC's to slowly make there way into the stratosphere (most molecules are not around long enough to cross into the stratosphere from the troposphere)
Whatever Happened to the Ozone Hole?
This blanket of ozone, or O3, blocks most of the sun's high-frequency ultraviolet rays.These UV rays can cause skin cancer and cataracts in humans, as well as reproductive problems in fish, crabs, frogs, and even in the single-celled phytoplankton at the bottom of the ocean food chain.Ozone is created naturally when oxygen molecules (O2) high in the atmosphere get broken by sunlight into two free oxygen atoms. That's because atmospheric conditions during the cold, dark, Antarctic winters were building stockpiles of CFCs over the South Pole.Returning spring sunshine would then spawn an abundance of free chlorine, depleting ozone levels above Antarctica by as much as 65 percent
Ozone Hole through the years : Image of the Day
The lowest value (deepest hole) ever recorded was 73 Dobson Units on September 30, 1994, while the broadest hole occurred on September 29, 2000, when the ozone-depleted area stretched 29.9 million square kilometers. The treaty included a requirement that scientists regularly assess and report on the health of the ozone layer, particularly the annual Antarctic ozone hole
What is the ozone layer and why is it important?How does ozone depletion occur? - Yahoo! Answers India
Source(s): comon logic 7 years ago Report Abuse by silivren Member since: 16 February 2007 Total points: 1,374 (Level 3) Add Contact Block the ozone layer is a layer in the stratosphere of our planet. In addition, research has shown that ozone depletion occurs over the latitudes that include North America, Europe, Asia, and much of Africa, Australia, and South America
NASA has been monitoring the status of the ozone layer through satellite observations since the 1970s, beginning with the TOMS sensors on the Nimbus satellites. For example, the National Ozone Expedition (NOZE) measured elevated levels of the chemical chlorine dioxide (OClO) during the springtime ozone hole from McMurdo Research Station
However, these were initially rejected as unreasonable by data quality control algorithms (they were filtered out as errors since the values were unexpectedly low); the ozone hole was only detected in satellite data when the raw data was reprocessed following evidence of ozone thinning in in situ observations. While several alternatives to HFCs have been proposed for fi re protection, including inert gases, fl uoroketones (FKs) and water mist, HFCs and inert gases have become, and appear likely to remain, the most commonly used clean agents and have achieved equilibrium in the market
5 10 Click to rate Report comment rob512, mansfield, United Kingdom, 11 months ago the thing with scientists is, they convince themselves and then compare rubbish between themselves then offer there findings to people in high places who have no knowledge of anything. Dog steers baby away from dangerous waves in Turkey Frisky fella! Baboon gropes TV reporter live on air Vile three-minute rant on London Tube that went viral A taste of goings-on at Little Liaison nights in promo..
How summer thunderstorms could be punching new holes in the ozone layer (+video) - CSMonitor.com
Ginger Passarelli is a good Samaritan with a soup ladle Rushing to the scene of emergencies and disasters, Passarelli and her Soup Ladies nourish the helpers. Barth, who was not part of Anderson's team, and colleagues have just completed a field project gathering data on thunderstorms and their impact on atmospheric chemistry, including ozone reactions.In fact, Anderson's team initially was working on another climate problem: the formation of cirrus clouds and their effect on climate
Ozone depletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
These models work by combining satellite measurements of chemical concentrations and meteorological fields with chemical reaction rate constants obtained in lab experiments. The discrepancy between the Arctic and Antarctic noted by Dobson was primarily a matter of timing: during the Arctic spring ozone levels rose smoothly, peaking in April, whereas in the Antarctic they stayed approximately constant during early spring, rising abruptly in November when the polar vortex broke down
Why is an ozone hole formed only above Antarctica and not over developed countries that emit a lot of CFCs
During the extreme cold of winter, with no sun for six months, polar winds create a vortex which traps and chills the air; the temperature is below -80 Celsius. In 2006, the tip of South America was under the Antarctic hole Is there really a hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica? The ozone hole is not actually a hole but the lowering of ozone concentration below a certain level
The Ozone Hole-Ozone Hole History
The 100 hPa temperature over Halley and Vernadsky was below the long term mean for most of the season.Total ozone values fell from an estimated 300 DU in early July to around 200 DU in mid August. These Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC's) are composed of ice crystals that provide the surface for a multitude of reactions, many of which speed the degradation of ozone molecules
What are the causes of the hole in the ozone layer
The concentration of ozone at any point is a balance of incident UV-C from the Sun (both making and destroying ozone), UV-B from the Sun (destroys ozone when absorbed), time, and compounds that can accelerate the decay of ozone. Some have the opinion that CFC's are also having some contributory affect on the amount of thinning of the ozone and there is some evidence to support that man may be contributing to this natural affect
During the winter, temperatures inside the Antarctic polar vortex fall so low that water vapor and several other types of molecules in the stratosphere condense into extremely small icy particles. All through the long, dark winter, especially during July and August, the chemical reactions taking place on the surfaces of the PSC particles continue, and more and more Cl builds up inside the vortex
These unusual reactions can occur only on the surface of polar stratospheric cloud particles, which may be water, ice, or nitric acid, depending on the temperature. From an aircraft field mission over Antarctica we also know that a total column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of catalyzed ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds
The sun and heat are very intense ( you have to live and work in 45 degree C heat to believe it ) and there is a large population of north European origin. 7 years ago Report Abuse Asker's Rating: Asker's Comment: thanky danky 0 stars - mark this as Interesting! Email Comment (0) Save Add to My Yahoo! Add to Del.icio.us RSS There are currently no comments for this question
Ozone hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
However, the ozone hole is most usually measured not in terms of ozone concentrations at these levels (which are typically of a few parts per million) but by reduction in the total column ozone, above a point on the earth's surface, which is normally expressed in Dobson units
The Ozone Hole
Scientific theory and evidence suggest that, once emitted to the atmosphere, these compounds could significantly deplete the stratospheric ozone layer that shields the planet from damaging UV-B radiation. The Ozone Hole About Us Awards Donate Contact Us Site Map News Links Ozone Hole History Montreal Protocol Ozone Hole 2006 Ozone hole 2013 Arctic Ozone Hole The Ozone Hole For nearly a billion years, ozone molecules in the atmosphere have protected life on Earth from the effects of ultraviolet rays
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